Cari Benda Tersembunyi

Klik Pada gambar untuk imej yang lebih jelas, apa ada dalam rimbun buluh ?

Personal Protective Equipment - PPE

Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, and protective shields and barriers, shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

HIERACHY OF CONTROL

According to this hierachy of control, PPE should be the last resort of control measures planned in reducing the risk at the workplace.

• ELIMINATION
• SUBSTITUTION
• ISOLATION
• ENGINEERING CONTROL
• ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
• PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

SELECTION OF PPE

The selection of PPE should be done accordingly following factors :

• According to the hazards
• Approved standards
• Give adequate protection
• Fit, minimum weight and discomfort
• Movement not restricted
• Easily worn and durable
• Harmonious to wearer’s culture/religion
• No additional hazards
• Free / minimal or easy maintenance
• Easily replace when necessary

TYPES OF PPE AND THEIR USAGE IN THE WORKPLACE ( CHEMICAL )

Head Protection ( Hard Hat )

• To protect the head from falling and bumping against objects
• To Prevent electric shocks
• To protect the head and hairs from exposure to any splash of chemicals at work place.
  

Should have facilities to support other PPE such as face shield, hoods and shroud .

Eye and Face Protection
Effects of chemical to eyes :

• Acute or Delayed :
• Blindness ( Acids/Alkali ; Peroxides )
• Irritations ( Solvent and Dilutes Acids )

Selections :

• Corrosive / Severe Irritants : Full Face Shield
• Mild Irritants : Goggles

Types of Materials :

• Plastic
• Glass
  

Foot Protection
Safety shoes shall be worn in any workplace including chemical plants. The purpose of safety shoe usage in chemical plants is to protect the foot from slips, exposure to chemicals and falling objects.

Safety shoe should be impervious towards chemicals identified in the plants.

Protective Clothing
Coveralls, aprons, boots & gloves are among the range of protective clothing.

Selection depends on several factors:-

• Design need to be appropriate with the job
• Clothing is made from appropriate material
• Workload & work conditions
• Maintenance and cleaning needs

Cleaning and Maintenance
It is important that all PPE be kept clean and properly maintained. Cleaning is particularly important for eye and face protection where dirty or fogged lenses could impair vision. PPE should be inspected, cleaned, and maintained at regular intervals so that the PPE provides the requisite protection. Personal protective equipment shall not be shared between employees until it has been properly cleaned and sanitized.

It is also important to ensure that contaminated PPE which cannot be decontaminated is disposed of in a manner that protects employees from exposure to hazards.

Training
Any worker required to wear PPE shall receive training in the proper use and care of PPE.
Periodic retraining shall be offered to both the employees and the supervisors, as needed.

The training shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following subjects:

• When PPE is necessary to be worn.
• What PPE is necessary
• How to properly adjust and wear PPE.
• The limitations of the PPE.
• The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE.

After the training, the employees shall demonstrate that they understand the components of the PPE Program and how to use PPE properly, or they shall be retrained.

Recordkeeping

• Written records shall be kept :-
• the names of persons trained,
• the type of training provided, and
• the dates when training occurred.
• The Supervisor shall maintain their employees’ training records for at least 3 years.
  

HAND PROTECTION
CHOOSING THE RIGHT GLOVE
Precautionary statements on pesticide labels state if chemically resistant gloves are needed. However, it's up to you to choose the glove material, design, fit, and thickness best suited to your work.

Materials : Cotton, canvas, and leather gloves are easily penetrated and hard to clean so they are not recommended for work with pesticides. Chemically resistant gloves are made with different rubbers: natural, butyl, chloroprene, nitrile, and fluorocarbon ; or various plastics: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene. These materials can be blended or laminated for better performance.

When selecting glove materials, consider not only the pesticide's active ingredient, but also its formulation. Most rubbers and plastics are resistant to dry and/or water-based pesticides. However, for other pesticide formulations, such as emulsifiable concentrates, the glove material must also resist the solvent. Common solvents are xylene, fuel oil, petroleum distillates, and alcohol. If the pesticide label does not specify a glove material, select a butyl, nitrile, or a barrier laminate glove.

If the material is not resistant to your pesticide, you will probably notice some glove damage right away. If so, discard them and try a different glove material.

Design : Gloves are made two ways:

1) die-cut into a "handprint" from film layers that are heat-sealed together at the edges, or
2) formed over a hand-shaped mold that is dipped into the polymer solution.

Handprint gloves fit either hand loosely. Examples are polyethylene. The latter two have better chemical resistance compared to rubber materials despite their thinness, crisp, slick, and stiff feel. The fit and slick texture may reduce your grip. Molded gloves differ in thumb placement and finger length. If the fingers are too long or short or the thumb is wrong, try a different brand for a better fit.

Fit, size, and length : When a glove fits, it seems less clumsy and is more comfortable. To find your size (7 to 12), measure around your hand (palm and back). If your hand measures 10 inches, get size 10. Some gloves are sized S-M-L and XL, "men's" and "women's," or "one size fits all." If so, try them on. Remember, as a glove stretches to fit, it gets thinner and will be harder to get on and off. Your hands may tire more quickly in tight gloves. If gloves are too big, you may have less dexterity and increased likelihood of getting them caught in machinery. For most tasks, use a glove that is 12 inches long and extends half-way to your elbow. If you need to reach into chemicals, you can get gloves that extend above the elbow.

Thickness: Glove material thickness is measured in mils or gauge. With both measuring systems, bigger numbers usually mean thicker gloves and greater protection, but more stiffness. For example, "surgeon's" natural rubber gloves are 4 to 9 mils in thickness (1 mil = 0.0001 inch), and are not sturdy enough for pesticide work. In general, thicker gloves are more resistant to chemicals, tearing, and puncture but are more bulky and clumsy. Thinner gloves let you manipulate tools and equipment easily, but also puncture, rip, and tear easily.

Linings: Cotton knit, woven, or flocked glove linings or fabric cuffs are comfortable to wear and absorb sweat, but are not recommended for pesticide use because they are difficult to clean.

USING GLOVES
Gloves cannot help you unless you wear them. Keeping several pairs of gloves handy and free of pesticide soiling, but not in your way, is a challenge. One idea is to seal clean gloves in one-gallon
zip-close plastic bags. After you handle or mix pesticides and before you take off the gloves, wash your gloved hands with water (and soap, if possible). Put the gloves back into the plastic bag until they can be washed more thoroughly. Avoid leaving used gloves on the floor of your pick-up truck or in places where family members might touch them. You may not see any pesticide on them, but tests with fluorescent dyes prove it is there and can rub off onto other clothing.

Most of the time you'll probably want your gloves over your sleeve cuffs. But if you are working in a drenching spray from above, put gloves under your sleeve cuffs so the chemical doesn't run down your arm and into your glove. To take off gloves, peel one glove off by holding the cuff, then hold it wrong-side out in the ungloved hand as you peel off the other glove. Both gloves will be wrong-side out, with the contaminated surface to the inside, ready for washing or disposal. Never pull gloves off with your teeth.

CLEANING GLOVES
Wash gloves the same day they are soiled if you intend to use them again. Fill a bucket or tub with warm water and a strong detergent, submerge the gloves and stir them around with a long dowel or yardstick. Fish them out with tongs, then hang them on a line by the fingertips with clothespins to drip dry. Never put gloves in an automatic dryer; they melt with heat.

DECIDING ABOUT DISPOSAL
No matter which gloves you choose, they probably won't last long. Watch for these signs to tell you when to replace gloves:

• staining or color change, inside and/or outside the glove;
• softening, swelling, or bubbling;
• stiffening, cracking, or surface change;
• dissolving or becoming jelly-like, or
• leaking at any time.

Remember that pesticides can soak through glove materials or contaminate the inside without changing the glove's appearance or texture. Therefore, replace gloves when there is:

• direct glove contact with highly toxic chemicals for a short time, or
• repeated contact over a longer period.

Routine replacement on a regular schedule may be a good idea, depending on your exposure situation. Dispose of gloves as you would empty containers or bags. Cut them up so no one will ever use them again if they are discarded with your trash.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Protective Equipments is important when farmers work with pesticides and toxic products. Respiratory protection is equally important when farmers work in dusty conditions common to most farms.

Exposure to grain dust, molds, pollen, animal dander, soil dust, welding fumes, and diesel exhaust can lead to serious respiratory problems. Although they are less toxic than some chemicals, dusts are suspended in the air and can easily enter the lungs and cause damage.

Dust in the lungs has both immediate and long-term effects. It can cause additional physical stress for the person, resulting in fatigue or shortness of breath. Long-term exposure to dust can be accompanied by congestion, coughing or wheezing, sensitivity to dust, and frequent respiratory infections such as colds, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Over time, exposure to dust can result in serious respiratory illnesses, such as farmer's lung, asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and other irreversible, incurable ailments.

The National Safety Council reported that 300 workers on large farms were incapacitated due to respiratory conditions in 1990, about one-third caused by dust.

To avoid immediate and long-term respiratory problems, farmers are encouraged to wear protective equipment, such as a respirator, whenever they work in dusty conditions. Respirators may be a good choice if workers are:

• congested or have breathing problems;
• generally bothered by dust, or
• oncerned about the amount of foreign particles that get into the body.

Chemicals such as pesticides, anhydrous ammonia, cleaning solvents, and disinfectants also require the use of protective equipment. Check pesticide applicator training manuals or discuss details with professionals.

HOW RESPIRATORS WORK
Respirators can be one of two types: those that purify existing air, and those that supply air from a tank or other source.

Air-supplied respirators, such as the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) used by firefighters, rarely are used in farming activities. They are relatively expensive and wearers must be trained.

Many dusty conditions on the farm can be improved with the use of an air-purifying respirator. This device fits over the nose and mouth and uses a filter or cartridge to mechanically remove dust particles from the air as the wearer breathes. An air-purifying respirator provides protection from dust and mists.

WHAT TO LOOK FOR
There are many styles of respirators on today’s market, however, not all are recommended for farming activities. Whether you're selecting a new respirator or evaluating an existing respirator, always consider several factors.

Proper use: Many problems result from using an inappropriate respirator. For example, dust masks will not reduce chemical vapors. A respirator approved for use with chemicals may not filter dust.

Always use a respirator appropriate for the task. The specific contaminant for which the respirator is approved will be written on the cartridge filter or instructions with the respirator.

Proper rating: As part of the testing process, a respirator is assigned a "protection factor," or PF rating, which indicates how well the respirator can perform its job. For farming activities, always use a respirator with a PF rating of 10 or above.

Proper size and fit: The respirator must form a good seal with the wearer's face so that the respirator can function properly. Dust that slips through a poor seal goes directly to the lungs.

Respirators are available in various sizes and designs to fit most faces. Eyeglasses, clothing, and facial hair such as beards or sideburns, can interfere with the seal. All respirators must be "fit tested" by safety professionals, using smoke, saccharin, or banana oil while the device is being worn.

Cost: Respirators can be either disposable or non-disposable. Disposable respirators are inexpensive and can be discarded when dirty or when the job is finished, but they can be relatively expensive if protection is required on a regular basis. A better choice is a durable respirator that can be washed and stored after each use.

The wearer's physical condition: The wearer of an air-purifying respirator must be in good physical condition. Since air is drawn through a filtering mechanism, breathing becomes more difficult, and can cause stress for people with medical problems, such as heart conditions or respiratory ailments. Always get a physician's approval to wear a respirator.

LIMITATIONS OF RESPIRATORS
No respirator can solve all air quality problems. Wearing a respirator incorrectly is as dangerous as not wearing a respirator at all. People have a false sense of security when wearing a faulty respirator or one that is inappropriate for the task.

Respirators should not be worn when concentrations of dust are in the explosive range. In this situation, you may protect your lungs from dust but you're exposing yourself to other dangers. A general rule is that if it's too dusty to see your hand at arm's length, the environment is dusty enough to be explosive.

Another dangerous situation occurs when air-purifying respirators are used in toxic environments. Since air-purifying respirators do not provide oxygen, the air in the working environment must have at least 19.5 percent oxygen. Death can occur in a limited oxygen environment.

Respirators that filter dust cannot protect wearers in toxic chemical environments, such as manure pits, silos, or sludge tanks. Wearing a respirator equipped with a dust filter in these conditions can
be fatal.

The use of respirators in day-to-day farm operations may be a new practice for many operators. However, respirators can reduce exposure to farm dust and may prevent serious respiratory problems..

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) – A safe guide for chemical user

Nowadays, chemicals are among the most crucial input materials for product development and process. Foods, plastic, soap, detergents, textile, plating and many more industries are dependable for chemical inputs to produce their relevant products in the competitive market. However, how safe does the users using the various type of chemicals become an important issue that couldn’t be overlooked. If we look at other countries such as U.S., Japan, Australia and particularly EC countries, the safety and health awareness and demands for safety features in term of how safe the chemical could be used and what shall be done in case of chemical emergency is so great compared to other parts of the world.

In Malaysia, as specified in Classification, Packaging & Labeling Regulation 1997, MSDS shall be supplied by chemical suppliers as part of the requirement. The recent USECHH regulation 2000 also require all the chemical industry users shall have each chemical’s MSDS in hand prior to the usage of the chemical in their workplace.

Therefore, MSDS could be a very useful source of safety and health information that create a safer practice when dealing with chemicals. The purpose of this article is to give a standard idea and references of the content in the MSDS as stipulated in the regulation plus some general contents in MSDS.

What is inside MSDS ?

1) Product Identification

Provide general identification of the chemicals
e.g. Synonyms , CAS No., Molecular Weight, Chemical Formula, Product Codes (if applicable)

2) Composition / Information on Ingredient

Provide the percentage or concentration of the chemical. Some may provide additional hazardous information such as PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit), TLV (Threshold Limit Value) etc. Therefore, the seriousness of the chemicals can be referred.

3) Hazards Identification

Provide the degree of hazard with reference to:
a) Health rating
b) Flammability rating
c) Reactivity rating
d) Contact rating

Additional information may include the potential health effects and symptom through inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, eye contact, chronic exposure & aggravation of pre-existing conditions (if applicable)

4) First Aid Measures

To provide first aid attention prior to the arrival of physician when accident take place. The piece of information provided may refer to the chemical accident due to:

a) Inhalation
b) Ingestion
c) Dermal Contact
d) Eye Contact

5) Fire Fighting Measures

Provide details on the Flash point, Auto Ignition Temperature, Flammability of the chemical product and Explosion capability information. Additional information may inclusive of the proper methods of using fire extinguishing media (dry chemical, foam, water or carbon dioxide) and type of suitable fire fighting protective clothing used during fire emergency

6) Accidental Release Measures

Provide some essential guideline to deal with for instance how to deal with chemical spillage, ventilation provision, contain and recover liquid when spilled etc.

7) Handling & Storage

Provide detail to conduct, handling and storing at a safer way. These may include:

a) How to protect the chemical?
b) How to store the chemicals (environment factors consideration)?
c) Is it compatible with other chemicals when stored together?
d) How to use it at a safer way?

8) Exposure Controls/ Personal Protection

Provide details how to control the exposure of employees at the workplace when using such chemical, for example:

a) Ventilation system
b) PPE (Respirator, safety goggle, glove, SCBA, apron etc) for skin, eye and other bodily related protection

9) Physical / Chemical Properties

Provide detail of some of properties of chemical, for instance:

a) Appearance (clear, colorless, milky etc)
b) Odor (type of “smell” of product)
c) Solubility (Water soluble, slight solubility etc)
d) pH
e) Boiling point, melting point (OC or F)
f) Vapor density
g) Vapor pressure
h) Evaporation rate

10) Stability & Reactivity

Provide some details on:

a) Stability and reactivity of the chemical (e.g. during storage)
b) Type of hazardous decomposition products (e.g. release of certain gases such as CO2 when heated)
c) Compatibilities with other chemicals (for example acrylic acid is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents)

11) Toxicological Information

This section may refer to the toxicity of the chemical with reference to the LD 50 and LC 50. The lower the value of the LC the more hazardous will be the chemical

12) Ecological Information

Provide some detail on ecological impact of the chemical when it is used or discharged to the air, water or soil. Therefore, the user could take some precautious or probably engineering control when deal with this chemical

13) Disposal Considerations

Applied for the chemical that couldn’t be recycled, saved or recovered and is considered as hazardous waste. (Must comply with local requirements)

14) Transport Information

Provide some detail on the identification during transportation of chemical for both domestic and international purposes

15) Regulatory Information

Provide some details of the regulatory information from different relevant countries. Additional item would be the inclusive of Hazchem Code from Australia

16) Other Information

Provide certain information on for example,

a) NFPA rating in term of health, flammability and reactivity rating.
b) Label hazard warning. (E.g. DANGER! MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED)
c) Label pre-cautious. (E.g. Do not breathe vapor or mist)
d) Label of first aid. (E.g. Do not induce vomiting, give large plenty of water)
e) Product use (if applicable)

The presence of MSDS has definitely help the users to avoid and minimize the potential hazard they could face. However, to do so the supplier of chemicals shall keep on updating the important and crucial information in MSDS so as to validate the actual information within. Employer who uses the chemicals shall provide such details to the employees as they are the people who actually perform the duties.

How to create Safety Audit Checklist

Checklist is useful guide for auditor during performing audit especially for new auditor. By using it the auditor can manage their auditing time effectively. Furthermore, it can assure you that all the aspects will be covered during auditing. The auditor can create this checklist according to their requirement and audit style. Auditor can also include remark column and other item that may required.

Compliance to documented Safety System or standard

Safety System or standard requirement comply with OHSAS 18001 or company safety system or regulations.

• Known or Classic problems

Majority of the nonconformities is almost the same. Experience auditors must be realized that many companies will not complied to the similar elements.

• Ideas from other auditors

By seeing other auditors in action, or by reading their report, you will pick up useful questions or areas to look at.

• Knowledge of industry

Use your knowledge of industry to formulate pertinent questions.

• Previous checklist

Use previous check-lists to help you formulate new questions.

• Key elements of procedure or process

Evaluate what are the critical aspects need to be concentrate.

What is OHSAS 18001 ?

OHSAS 18000 is an international occupational health and safety management system specification. It comprises two parts, 18001 and 18002 and embraces a number of other publications.

For the record, the following other documents, amongst others, were used in the creation process:

• BS8800:1996 Guide to occupational health and safety management systems
• DNV Standard for Certification of Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems(OHSMS):1997
• Technical Report NPR 5001: 1997 Guide to an occupational health and safety management system
• Draft LRQA SMS 8800 Health & safety management systems assessment criteria
• SGS & ISMOL ISA 2000:1997 Requirements for Safety and Health Management Systems
• BVQI SafetyCert: Occupational Safety and Health Management Standard
• Draft AS/NZ 4801 Occupational health and safety management systems Specification with guidance for use
• Draft BSI PAS 088 Occupational health and safety management systems
• UNE 81900 series of pre-standards on the Prevention of occupational risks
• Draft NSAI SR 320 Recommendation for an Occupational Health and Safety (OH and S) Management System
  

OHSAS 18001 is an Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series for health and safety management systems. It is intended to help an organizations to control occupational health and safety risks. It was devloped in response to widespread demand for a recognized standard against which to be certified and assessed.

*OHSAS - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY ADVISORY SERVICES

Makan Buah-Buahan Tempatan

Post sempena dengan hari Makan Buah-buahan Tempatan KSdR kali ini yang akan berlangsung pada 30.7.2009

Asal Usul Durian
Durian dipercayai berasal dari gususan Pulau-Pulau Melayu. Di antara spesis-spesis yang dijumpai di Malaysia adalah daripada jenis Durio yang menghasilkan buah-buah yang boleh dimakan termasuk D.Gaaveolens, D.Dulcis, dan D.Kutenjensis.

Kawasan-Kawasan Utama Durian
Durian telah ditanam di seluruh pelusuk Malaysia dengan kawasan-kawasan tanaman komersial durian seperti di Johor, Perak, Kedah, Kelantan dan Pahang.

Kandungan Khasiat Durian
Komposisi khasiat durian adalah seperti berikut:-

Nutrisi Durian : Setiap 100 gm bahagian yang dimakan

• Tenaga - 153 kcal
• Kabohidrat - 27 gm
• Kalsium - 40 mg
• Zat Besi - 1.9 mg
• Vitamin A (Carotene) - 150 mg
• Vitamin C - 23.3 mg
• B1 - 0.1 mg
• B2 - 0.13 mg
• Lemak - 3.4 mg
• Protein - 2.7 mg

Kegunaan dan Potensi Durian
Durian dianggap sebagai Raja kepada segala buah dan ianya dimakan secara mentah. Durian adalah buah-buahan yang paling popular di negara ini. Permintaan terhadap buah durian adalah yang tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan buah-buahan yang lain.

Pelbagai jenis produk yang berasaskan buah durian dapat dihasilkan. Antara produk-produk yang telah dihasilkan seperti; lempok durian, serbuk durian, jem durian dan sebagainya.

Manggis
Buat pengetahuan ,buah manggis amat berkhasiat terutama di bahagian kulit dalam manggis dan biji buah manggis. Secara tradisi kulit manggis dilumat dan digunakan untuk merawat penyakit seperti Malaria, TB, penyakit kulit, cirit-birit dan dysentry. Di Thailand buah manggis dijemur dan dikeringkan untuk membuat bahan kosmetik seperti syampu, sabun untuk menghaluskan kulit dan mencegah penyakit kulit.

Untuk pengetahuan anda sekalian, buah manggis amat berkhasiat! Bahan aktif XANTHONE dalam buah manggis mempunyai khasiat yang amat menakjubkan. Terutama dibahagian dalam kulit dan biji manggis. Ramai saintis telah mengkaji khasiat buah manggis sejak tahun 1970an. Dan manggis telah dihasilkan dalam bentuk jus supaya enak diminum selain dari mendapatkan hasil yang menakjubkan.

Pelbagai masaalah penyakit dapat diatasi dengan minum jus manggis yang asli. Tiada pengawet, perisa asli dan tidak ditambah gula. Khasiat xanthone iaitu bahan aktif dalam buah manggis dapat membantu pelbagai jenis masaalah seperti alergi, resdung, lelah, pelbagai penyakit kulit seperti eczema, gatal-gatal, psoriasis, seborrhea, jangkitan kulat, luka-luka yang biasa pada mulut, melecur, selepas pembedahan, penyakit darah tinggi, kencing manis, lebihan kolesterol , keletihan, kekurangan darah, ulser, gastrik, saluran usus yang bengkak dan lain-lain.

Informasi Buah-buahan Tempatan yang lain

Pisang
Merawat Kudis dan Luka Pisang atau nama saintifiknya Musa sapientum adalah antara buah-buahan tempatan yang digemari ramai. Ia kaya dengan vitamin A dan C, niasin dan juga zat galian seperti kalsium fosforus dan besi. Pisang juga mengandungi kromium, sejenis bahan yang merangsangkan aktiviti enzim dalam metabolisme glukos yang penting untuk membekalkan tenaga.

Dalam perubatan tradisional, getah pisang merupakan ubat yang mujarab untuk menyembuhkan luka. Dengan menyapukan getah pisang pada luka, darah akan berhenti mengalir dan lukanya akan cepat kering. Kudis pula boleh dirawat dengan mudah menggunakan kulit pisang. Selain itu pisang juga digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah sembelit, ulser dan penyakit gastritis atau radang perut

Mangga
Penawar Penyakit Hernia Mangga yang dikenali sebagai Mangifera indica yang berasal dari keluarga Anacardiaceae, digunakan sebagai agen penghilang dahaga untuk mengatasi masalah penyahidratan dalam tubuh serta berkesan untuk menyembuhkan penyakit hernia.

Hernia atau burut iaitu sejenis penyakit yang menyebabkan isi perut turun ke bawah dan kantung kemaluan menjadi bengkak, ulu hati terasa pedih dan sakit setiap kali selepas makan, boleh dirawat dengan mengamalkan pengambilan jus mangga.

Minuman itu, yang kaya dengan pelbagai zat galian termasuk vitamin A dan C akan bertindak melancarkan peredaran darah. Memandangkan jus mangga mempunyai kandungan gula yang tinggi, ia kurang sesuai untuk mereka yang mengalami penyakit diabetis, hipoglisemia dan kandidiasis atau jangkitan kulat

Nanas
Penawar Penyakit Batu Karang Nanas sejenis buah tropika yang dikenali dengan nama saintifiknya Ananas cosomos berasal dari keluarga Bromeliaceae dan mengandungi kandungam gula yang tinggi serta kaya dengan vitamin A, B dan C. Jus nanas merupakan sejenis minuman yang lazat dan baik untuk kesihatan, terutamanya bagi mengatasi kekeringan dibahagian bibir dan kulit muka. Nanas merupakan ramuan penting dalam rawatan tradisional.

Ia melancarkan perjalanan haid serta berkesan mengatasi masalah-masalah pencernaan, pundi kencing, cacing dan kelesuan badan. Ia juga merupakan penawar yang penting bagi mengatasi penyakit batu karang. Amalan meminum jus nanas terbukti berkesan untuk mengatasi masalah kencing tidak lawas kerana kandungan enzimnya yang tinggi

Belimbing
Merawat Kencing Manis Belimbing salah satu jenis buahan tropika popular yang enak. Ia boleh dimakan segar ataupun dijadikan jeruk dan dibuat jus. Belimbing ini bagaimanapun ada yang masam, tetapi kedua-duanya dipanggil belimbing besi. Nama sainsnya ialah Averhoa crambola dan sekeluarga dengan oxalidaceae.

Belimbing juga mempunyai khasiat perubatan. Pengidap kencing manis dapat menurunkan paras gula dalam darah dan sesuai juga dimakan oleh mereka yang mengidap penyakit tekanan darah tinggi, gingivitis atau radang gusi

Ciku
Penawar Buang Air Berdarah Tabiat mengabaikan pemakanan boleh menimbulkan keadaan-keadaan yang tidak menyenangkan. Masalah sembelit boleh terjadi jika makanan yang dimakan tidak dihadam dengan baik, kurang memakan buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran serta kurang meminum air. Keadaan ini jika dibiarkan boleh membawa kesan-kesan yang lebih buruk, antaranya buang air berdarah atau buasir.

Satu cara dalam kaedah pengubatan tradisional ialah dengan menggunakan buah ciku. Cara yang lebih berkesan untuk merawat buang air berdarah ialah dengan memakan buah ciku yang belum cukup tua, iaitu dengan menumbuk hingga lumat dan dicampur dengan sedikit air panas dan garam. Seelok-eloknya diamalkan sebelum sarapan pagi – Pelbagai Khasiat

Tembikai
Tembikai yang kaya dengan vitamin A dan C, asid folik, magnesium, zink dan pelbagai jenis galian yang lain adalah bermutu tinggi dalam perubatan. Tembikai dikenali sebagai Citrullus vulgaris amat mujarab untuk menyembuhkan pelbagai jenis penyakit antaranya sakit kepala, penyakit paru-paru dan masalah kulit.

Jus tembikai juga memberi tenaga dan kekuatan dikalangan orang-orang tua serta memulihkan sistem tubuh yang lemah bagi mereka yang baru sahaja sembuh daripada penyakit atau menjalani pembedahan.

Penyakit artritis, gout serta keracunan uremik berlaku akibat kehadiran asid urik yang berlebihan. Jus tembikai boleh membantu menyembuhkan penyakit-penyakit ini dengan menghapuskan kesan-kesan toksik dalam tubuh. Kehadiran asid yang berlebihan dalam darah dapat diatasi dengan mengamalkan pengambilan jus tembikai kerana ia dapat bertindak membantu melancarkan pengaliran darah

Betik
Selesaikan Sembelit – Betik adalah daripada spesies Carica papaya dan berasal dari keluarga caricaceae. Buah betik yang masak selain kaya dengan vitamin C, ia berkesan merawat hemoroid atau buasir dan sembelit. Di Ghana ia juga digunakan untuk mengubati ketumbuhan manakala pucuknya boleh mengubati penyakit tekanan darah tinggi.

Betik juga boleh digunakan untuk mengubati tumit pecah-pecah yang boleh menyebabkan kaki terasa sakit. Salah satu daripada rawatan tradisional bagi mengubati masalah ini ialah dengan menggunakan buah betik muda yang dibelah dua kemudian diambil getahnya dan sapu dibahagian tumit yang pecah.

Unfederated Malay States (19th century – 1946) - Part 22

Back To Malaysian History Menu

Pada tahun 1906, permintaan bagi getah telah naik secara mendadak apabila kereta mula dicipta kerana ia diperlukan dalam pembuatan tayar di kilang-kilang di seluruh dunia terutamanya di Amerika Syarikat. Harga pasaran getah meningkat dengan mantap dan peladangan getah menjadi industri utama di Malaya.

Pihak British seterusnya mahu menjadikan keseluruhan Malaya sebagai jajahannya dan menetapkan sempadan yang jelas di antara Siam dan Malaya. Satu perjanjian telah ditandatangani dengan Siam pada tahun 1909 di mana Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah dan Perlis telah dijadikan negeri naungan British. Negeri-negeri ini membentuk sebuah kumpulan baru yang dinamakan Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu dan Penasihat-penasihat British telah dihantar untuk membantu Sultan mentadbir negeri-negeri tersebut dengan teratur. Pada Tahun 1914, Johor telah menandatangani satu perjanjian dengan pihak British bagi menerima khidmat Penasihat British dan menjadi sebuah Negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu.

Justeru, selepas tahun 1914, Malaya terbahagi kepada 3 unit politik iaitu

1. Koloni Diraja Negeri-negeri Selat yang terdiri daripada Singapura (termasuk Pulau Krismas dan Pulau Kokos), Pulau Pinang dan Seberang Prai, Melaka dan Labuan.
2. Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu yang terdiri daripada Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan dan Pahang.
3. Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu yang terdiri daripada Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah, Perlis dan Johor.

• Kumpulan Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu tidak menggambarkan negeri-negeri tersebut sebagai satu entiti tetapi hanyalah sebagai satu terma untuk menerangkan tentang negeri-negeri Melayu berkenaan.

Ping Pong Friendly Match With TROX

We would like to inform that Kokuyo Sports & Recreation Club ( KSdR ) will organize ping pong friendly match with TROX (M) Sdn Bhd.

Date : 25/7/2009 (Saturday)
Time : 4:00 pm ~ 6:30pm
Venue : Kokuyo (M) Sdn Bhd – Logistic compound area.
Games : Ping Pong Single

There will be 6 ~ 10 players from TROX (M) will join the match at our factory.

So let's start building a new relationship with Ping pong games.



Update 27/7/2009 (Lihat Keputusan Perlawanan Ping Pong Di sini)

Tahniah kepada semua pemain Ping -Pong, lebih-lebih lagi kepada pemenang keseluruhan Friendly Match kali ini ; wakil daripada Kelab Sukan dan Rekreasi Kokuyo.Walaubagaimanapun setinggi ucapan terima kasih kepada wakil dari TROX kerana sudi datang dan bermain dengan bersungguh-sungguh.

KSdR juga berharap perlawanan akan datang akan diadakan pula di TROX, KSdR menanti jemputan untuk perlawan timbal balas dan berharap akan mengeratkan dan membina persahabatan dalam aktiviti sukan , rekreasi serta lain-lain aktiviti yang dapat menguntungkan kedua-dua belah pihak.

6 Pandemik Utama Dunia

Cacar (430 sebelum masihi-1979 : (tidak diketahui) juta orang mati)

Pandemik ini telah mengorbankan lebih 300 - 500 juta penduduk di seluruh dunia pada abad ke-20, kebanyakannya penduduk asli benua Amerika. Ia berpunca daripada 2 jenis virus, iaitu variola major dan variola minor.

Bagi mangsa yang terselamat, cacar tetap meninggalkan kesan sampingan yang serius seperti buta dan kemandulan kepada lelaki. Pandemik cacar dianggarkan telah membunuh 60 juta jiwa di Eropah, termasuk melenyapkan 5 pemerintahan beraja pada abad ke 18. Sebanyak 30 % kanak-kanak di bawah umur 5 tahun maut.Di Amerika, wabak itu dipercayai tercetus tidak lama selepas bermulanya hubungan antara masyarakat asli dengan orang Eropah dan Afrika yang memasuki benua itu. Kesannya sangat dahsyat;ia membunuh 90% hingga 95% penduduk asli Amerika.

Pada 1967, Pertubuhan Kesihatan Dunia (WHO) menganggarkan seramai 15 juta penduduk dijangkiti pandemik ini dan dua juta orang telah menemui ajal. Kempen pemvaksinan yang dilancarkan WHO sepanjang abad ke-19 dan 20 telah membasmi cacar sepenuhnya pada 1979.

Selsema Sepanyol atau Spanish Flu (1918 - 1919 : 100 juta maut)

Pandemik ini telah membunuh seramai 50 juta hingga 100 juta manusia di seluruh dunia dalam tempoh kurang 2 tahun. Selsema Sepanyol menyebabkan mangsa menggigil kesejukan, letih & diiringi gejala bendalir dalam paru-aru dan sesak nafas.

Tanda-tanda lain ialah muka menjadi biru dan akhirnya bertukar perang atau ungu manakala kaki mangsa berubah hitam. Pandemik ini membunuh lebih daripada 500,000 orang penduduk di Amerika Syarikat dan 50 juta lagi di seluruh dunia. Sebenarnya berjuta-juta orang lagi turut dijangkiti tetapi mereka tidak tahu ia adalah pandemik Selsema Sepanyol.

Hawar Maut (1340 - 1771 : 75 juta maut)

Pandemik hawar maut ( Black Death atau Black Plague) merupakan virus paling berbahaya pernah dicatatkan dalam sejarah tamadun manusia. Pandemik ini bermula di sebelah Barat Daya atau tengah Asia seterusnya tersebar ke Eropah pada tahun 1340. Dianggarkan seramai 75 juta penduduk maut akibat wabak ini di seluruh dunia.

Sejumlah 20 juta orang mati di Eropah, iaitu kira-kira separuh daripada jumlah keseluruhan penduduknya. Hawar Maut membawa 3 jenis virus iaitu bubonik yang menyerang dan merosakkan limpa. Virus buboe dikaitkan dengan tanda bengkak-bengkak di leher, ketiak bernanah dan berdarah. Virus septicamic pula menyebabkan keracunan dalam darah, menyerang paru-paru sebelum menular ke lain-lain bahagian anggota badan. Kebanyakan mangsa virus bubonik maut dalam tempoh 4 hingga 7 hari selepas terkena jangkitan.

Peluang mereka yang diserang virus bubonik hidup amat tipis kerana dalam tempoh 8 hari, 4 daripada 5 mangsa yang dijangkiti akan menemui maut. Pandemik yang sama berulang beberapa kali di Eropah sehingga tahun 1700. Dalam tempoh itu juga, lebih daripada 100 jenis pandemik merentasi benua Eropah. Pada tahun 1603, pandemik hawar maut telah membunuh 38,000 penduduk London. Ia kemudian menyerang Itali, Seville, London, Vienna, Marseille & Moscow. RAmai yang percaya, ia berpunca daripada virus yang terdapat pada sejenis kutu yang dikenali sebagai Indian Rat Flea.

Malaria (1600 - 2009 : 2 juta mati setahun)

Pandemik ini menyebabkan 400-900 juta kes demam malaria di seluruh dunia dengan lebih 250,000 orang menemui ajal setiap tahun. Pandemik ini mencatat 1 kematian setiap 30 saat. Malaria kerap menyerang kanak-kanak di bawah umur 5 tahun dan wanita hamil. SEjak 1992, terdapat sedikit kemajuan terutama di kawasan2 yang telah dikenali pasti berisiko tinggi diserang malaria. Bagaimanapun, jika malaria terus meningkat, kadar kematian diramal berlipat kali ganda dalam tempoh 20 tahun akan datang.

Parasit-parasit pandemik ini biasanya menular dalam tubuh mangsa melalui gigitan nyamuk betina Anopheles, menyebabkan mereka mengalami anemia iaitu sesak nafas dan sakit kepala, serta gejala2 lain seperti demam, menggigil, loya & selsema. Bagi kes yang teruk, mangsa koma & menemui ajal. Malaria tersebar luas di negara beriklim tropika & sub tropika termasuk sebahagian benua Amerika, Asia dan Afrika.

AIDS (1981 - 2009 : 25 juta maut)

Pandemik ini lebih dikenali sebagai kurang daya ketahanan badan melawan penyakit telah membunuh seramai 25 juta mangsa di seluruh dunia sejak kes pertama dikesan pada tahun 1981. AIDS dikelaskan sebagai pandemik paling ditakuti dalam sejarah manusia moden. Dicatatkan 40.3 juta orang menghidap AIDS pada 2005, 3.1 juta maut, purata 8,500 kes baru setiap hari, dan 570,000 mangsanya adalah kanak-kanak.

Jumlah penghidap HIV akan terus meningkat walaupun pelbagai strategi pencegahan dilakukan seperti memakai kondom & mengelakkan perhubungan seks rambang. Sebanyak 64% penghidap HIV tinggal di Afrika & lebih 77 % ialah wanita. Di Afrika dan sub Sahara, jumlah peningkatan paling teruk dengan 23.8 juta hingga 28.9 juta menghidap HIV pada 2005.

Asia & Asia Tenggara pula mencatatkan 15% kes, dikenal pasti lokasi kedua paling terjejas akibat pandemik HIV. Sehingga kini tidak diketahui bagaimana wabak ini muncul dan bermula walaupun ada pihak yang mengatakan virus AIDS berasal dari sejenis beruk di Afrika.

Tifus (430 SM - 2009)

Pandemik ini telah membunuh kira2 3 juta mangsa antara tahun 1918 & 1922, kebanyakannya tentera Napoleon yang sedang berperang di Russia. Tifus salah satu daripada beberapa penyakit dibawa oleh kutu yang menghasilkan bakteria. Nima Tifus diperolehi daripada perkataan Greek yang bermaksud 'berasap' dan 'malas' yang menggambarkan keadaan fikiran mangsa yang menghidap Tifus. Tifus merebak di kawasan yang kotor seperti mereka yang tinggal dalam penjara atau kem tentera.

Sebelum vaksin dihasilkan semasa Perang Dunia Kedua, Tifus merupakan sejenis penyakit yang membawa kemusnahan besar pada manusia.

Misalnya, pada tahun kedua peperangan Peloponesian (430 SM), kota Athen purba Yunani telah diserang satu wabak dikenali hawar Athens yang mengorbankan ramai mangsa secara senyap termasuk Pericles dan dua anaknya. Wabak ini mengganas kali kedua pada tahun 429 SM dan musim sejuk 427/6 SM.

Pandemik ini berlaku lagi di Eropah sejak kurun ke-16 sehingga kurun ke-19 semasa perang Inggeris dan perang Napoleon. Semasa Napoleon berundur dari Moscow pada 1812, ramai askar Perancis meninggal dunia akibat Tifus. Pandemik ini berulang di Ireland antara tahun 1818-1819, 1830, 1846 dan 1849. Pandemik Tifus telah mengorbankan 3 juta penduduk Russia, Poland dan Romania

Barang Permainan Boleh Membahayakan

Kita mesti berasa agak ganjil apabila dikatakan bahawa barang permainan boleh membahayakan. Pada hal barangan seumpama ini bertujuan untuk menyeronokkan dan melekakan kanak-kanak (mungkin juga dewasa) dan bukan sebaliknya. Apa lagi di banyak tadika, permainan menjadi satu daya tarikan yang dipentingkan. Tetapi pada hakikat ramai kanak-kanak mengalami kecederaan, kadangkala dengan tidak sengaja, akibat barang permainan ataupun hobi kegemaran mereka. Salah satu sebab mengapa ini berlaku adalah kerana bahan yang gunakan untuk membuat barang permainan tersebut mengandungi racun ataupun boleh memudaratkan kesihatan.

Sebagai contoh, baru-baru ini terdapat laporan yang mengatakan bahawa industri permainan tidak sangat menghiraukan tentang hal-hal keselamatan pelanggan mereka apabila terdapat bahan pthalate terkandung dalamnya. Ini adalah sejenis bahan yang terbit daripada permainan diperbuat daripada PVC (polivinil klorida, sejenis ‘plastik’ keras) terutama sekali apabila dihisap, kunyah ataupun tekanan dikenakan padanya. Akibatnya kanak-kanak mudah termakan atau tertelan bahan tersebut dan ini boleh membahayakan kesihatan seperti kerosakan buah pinggang dan paru-paru. Dalam satu kajian, 63 barang permainan daripada 17 negara menunjukkan mengandungi bahan bahaya pthalate, umumnya antara 10 hingga 40 peratus berat permainan tersebut.

Satu lagi contoh adalah penggunaan cat atau bahan warna yang mengandungi plumbum untuk mewarnai permainan tersebut. Banyak kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa plumbum ini boleh mengancam keselamatan kanak-kanak terutamanya. Kesan plumbum kepada kesihatan telah disiarkan dalam PenawaRacun Bil. 6, Januari 1996. Plumbum pada paras yang agak rendah sudah boleh menjejaskan prestasi pembelajaran kanak-kanak walaupun gejala keracunan masih tidak ketara.

Antara bahan-bahan hobi maupun permainan yang patut dielakkan untuk kanak-kanak adalah seperti dalam senarai di bawah. Setiap satu daripada bahan-bahan ini boleh mengeluarkan atau mengandungi bahan beracun dan tidak selamat jika digunakan oleh kanak-kanak terutama sekali. Misalnya,

* tanah liat khususnya dalam bentuk kering
* gam segera
* pewarna atau pencelup (untuk mencelup kain)
* perekat berasaskan pelarut
* pelarut
* pen ‘marker’ berdakwat tetap
* penyembur aerosol
* pengilat (‘glaze’), dan
* bahan epoksi
* serbuk pewarna ‘tempera’

Jika diperlukan juga, sebelum menggunakan bahan-bahan ini, pastikan kanak-kanak tidak terdedah padanya dengan mengambil langkah-langkah pencegahan. Antaranya:

1. Pertimbangkan usia, minat serta perkembangan dan keupayaan kanak-kanak (Lihat juga nasihat/saranan syarikat pembuat).
2. Pertimbangkan ruang yang ada untuk bermain dan menyimpan permainan tersebut.
3. Carikan permainan yang tidak banyak memerlukan penyeliaan atau penjagaan.
4. Cari permainan yang tidak mengandungi bahan berbahaya dan beracun.
5. Tentukan tiada bahagian yang boleh mudah tertanggal atau tercabut; tarik-tarik bahagian tertentu untuk menentukan ini tidak berlaku.
6. Tentukan bahagian yang boleh bergerak dipasang dengan baik dan tidak boleh menimbulkan masalah, seperti terkepit jari; atau yang bersendi-sendi tajam
7. Pilih permainan diperbuat daripada kain, yang kukuh buatannya, boleh dibasuh serta tidak mudah terbakar.
8. Pembuatan yang kemas dan tahan lasak adalah ciri-ciri penting untuk permainan kanak-kanak.
9. Elakkan daripada permainan yang menggunakan pancutan (khususnya bergas), atau yang bermata tajam seperti anak panah, maupun senjata. Tentukan juga permukaannya licin serta halus.
10. Periksa dan semak yang permainan sentiasa dalam keadaan baik dan selamat. Cuci jika perlu. Buang permainan yang rosak dan tidak selamat sekiranya ia tidak boleh diperbaiki dengan sempurna.

Pendek kata permainan boleh mengancam keselamatan kerana rekacipta atau bentuknya yang tidak sempurna. Oleh itu perlu diambilkira keselamatan kanak-kanak sebelum membeli atau membenarkan mereka ‘berseronok’ dengan permainan tertentu.

Setelah mengambilkira hal-hal yang berkenaan dan pasti yang barang permainan itu adalah selamat untuk kanak-kanak, pastikan pula ia disimpan dengan baik. Penyimpanan yang kurang sempurna boleh menyebabkan kanak-kanak cedera oleh kerana letaknya tidak teratur maupun sesuai. Oleh yang demikian cara yang baik untuk menyimpan permainan ialah dirak terbuka yang stabil. Ini memudahkan kanak-kanak daripada mengambil permainan yang diingininya tanpa banyak halangan dan lebih selamat. Bakul plastik juga sesuai jika rak tidak dapat disediakan.

Penggunaan kotak-kotak kayu atau besi yang berat tidak digalakkan kerana:

• tutup kotak tersebut boleh terhempas dan menghimpit bahagian badan kanak-kanak, khususnya tangan dan jari mereka,
• penjurunya yang agak tajam, dan pembuatan yang tidak kemas boleh mencederakan,
• tidak memberi kanak-kanak pemilihan yang baik kerana ada barang permainan yang terlindung di bahagian bawah kotak tersebut.
  

Dengan lain perkataan, keselamatan kanak-kanak perlu diutamakan dan para pengguna, terutama sekali ibubapa, penjaga dan guru bertanggungjawab memastikan kanak-kanak tidak terdedah kepada apa-apa bahaya yang tidak diingini sama ada secara sengaja atau tidak.

Daripada eyenursery

Lawatan Presiden Baru - Kokuyo Office Furniture Company

president furniture visit

Lawatan kali pertama Mr. Hidekuni Kuroda ke Kokuyo Malaysia semenjak menyandang jawatan Presiden (April 2009) bagi Kokuyo Furniture Company. Lawatan singkat ini bermula dari 8.00 pagi sehingga 12.30 tengahari pada hari ini 16.7.2009.

Program Lawatan Julai 2009

1. Ketibaan Pelawat
2. Perhimpunan Pagi Bermula
3. Ucapan daripada Mr. Hidekuni Kuroda
4. Majlis penyampaian hadiah untuk QIT Presentation oleh Mr. Hidekuni Kuroda
5. Pengenalan kepada Power Employess
6. Ucapan daripada Mr. Eiichi Nukina selaku Naib Presiden Kokyuo Office Furniture Company.
7. Majlis menandatangani Unity Pledge
8. Lawatan sekitar bahagian pengeluaran
9. Sessi bergambar

New Design RM50 (4th series)

July 2009 Security Feature

Click on any of the numbered features on the notes below for further detail:

BRAILLE FEATURE (1)

Braille feature of the diamond shape marking with a layer of tactile ink printed in intaglio can be felt by touching.

Section 1 of the obverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

WATERMARK PORTRAIT WITH ELECTROTYPE HIGHLIGHT (2)

The Watermark Portrait can be recognised by tints that are lighter or darker than the surrounding paper. This watermark portrait which has a three-dimensional effect appears without sharp outlines. At the base of the watermark, the numeral 50 is clearly visible.

Section 2 of the obverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

PERFECT SEE-THROUGH REGISTER (3)

Perfect See-Through Register feature where the graphic songket design on the obverse side of the note will register perfectly with the same graphic songket design on the reverse side when it is held against the light.

Section 3 of the obverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

MULTICOLOUR LATENT IMAGE (4)

Multicolour Latent Image of the denomination 50 can be seen when the banknote is tilted slightly and the colour changes when it is rotated.

Section 4 of the obverse of the note:

[b] When tilted slightly or rotated

BACK TO TOP

INTAGLIO PRINT (5)

Intaglio Print is a raised printing effect produced by applying layers of tactile inks on various parts of the front and reverse sides of the notes, such as the portrait of the First Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong, denomination figures, design elements and the wording 'Bank Negara Malaysia'.

Section 5 of the obverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

HOLOGRAPHIC STRIPE (6)

Holographic Stripe features the denomination 50 and the hibiscus flower, with a multi-coloured pumping and matt-structure effect when the banknote is tilted slightly.

Section 6 of the obverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

THE COLOUR SHIFTING SECURITY THREAD (7)

The Security Thread is embedded in the paper and appears on the reverse side of the note as coloured intermittent lines. When the note is held against the light, it is seen as a continuous dark coloured line and contains repeated text reading RM50 BNM. When the note is tilted, the colour of the thread changes from red to green and vice versa.

Section 7 of the reverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

FLUORESCENT ELEMENTS VISIBLE UNDER ULTRA VIOLET LIGHT

Invisible Fluorescent Elements can be seen through various parts of the background on the obverse and reverse side of the banknote and will fluoresce in different colours when viewed under ultra-violet light.

IMAGE AND TEXT ON HOLOGRAPHIC STRIPE (6)

Holographic Stripe features the denomination 50 and the hibiscus flower, with a multi-coloured pumping and matt-structure effect when the banknote is tilted slightly.

Section 6 of the obverse of the note:

TEXT AND LOGO (7)

A rectangle showing the text BNM 50 with the stag motif, and repeated texts on security thread reading RM50 BNM. On the obverse side of the note, the thread can be seen as a continuous yellow fluorescent line.

Section 7 of the reverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

SECURITY FIBRES (8)

The security fibres in the paper in three colours: red, yellow and blue

Section 8 of the reverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

TWO-COLOUR FLUORESCENT ELEMENTS (9)

The security fibres in the paper in three colours: red, yellow and blue

Section 9 of the reverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

NUMBERING (10)

The numbers fluoresce under ultra-violet light.

Section 10 of the reverse of the note:

BACK TO TOP

MICRO PRINTINGS (7, 11, 12, 13)

Micro-Letterings can be viewed under a magnifying glass.

Micro-text in Security Thread (7)	Background Micro-Letterings (11)
Intaglio Micro-Letterings (12)	Intaglio Micro-Letterings (13)

Ping Pong Indoor Games 2009

Link Ping Pong Calender (UPDATE GAMES)

Ksdr 2009 sedang menganjurkan Indoor Games (Single Lelaki) yang disertai oleh jaguh-jaguh dari dalam dan luar negara. Perlawanan bermula daripada 13 ~ 23/7/2009 secara liga.

Peserta di bahagikan kepada 4 kumpulan A,B,C dan D.

GROUP A

GROUP B

NAME

P

W

D

L

WS

LS

Diff

Pt

NAME

P

W

D

L

WS

LS

Diff

Pt

SHAHRUL

HELMEE

SHEEZAM

FAIRUS

SOH

ZIZI

TALHAR

SAHRIZAL

GROUP C

GROUP D

NAME

P

W

D

L

WS

LS

Diff

Pt

NAME

P

W

D

L

WS

LS

Diff

Pt

HAKIM

ASWAN

HARIZAL

MAHSHAR

VENUGOPAL

NIZAM

RONNY

ANDO

Peserta di dalam Kumpulan Perlawanan Ping Pong Single 2009 KSdR.